Brief Overview Of Special Education And Inclusion

Section 1: Brief overview of special education and inclusion. For thousands of years individuals with exceptionalities have been present in all parts of society across the world, especially those with physical or sensory characteristics. However, the way that these individuals have been viewed has changed dramatically. Originally these individuals were seen as ‘imbeciles,’ ‘worthless,’ and ‘a burden on society’ and were often shut away from ‘normal’ society or simply left to die or abandoned to institutions. Society has, however, created a positive change and started to exhibit a more humanitarian view and protective nature and developed a concern for the welfare of individuals with exceptionalities. The steadily changing view of society has paved the way to where today these individuals are now considered a part of an all-inclusive society where every citizen has value, merit and is capable of making a contribution to society. What is special education? Whilst there is no one single definition of special education there are some inherent similarities between the various definitions given by a plethora of philosophers, politicians and academics. Special Education is a form of instruction that is designed to meet the needs of students with disabilities in order that they can learn the very same skills and information as other students in school (Giordano, 2007; Osgood, 2005). Under the banner of special education there is high prominence placed upon individualisedShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Inclusion Of Students With Special Needs1772 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Through this study, I seek to explore the phenomenon of how inclusion of students with special needs is understood, implemented and enforced across private schools in the Emirate of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The purpose of this study is to better understand, through interviewing private school administrators and policy makers in Dubai’s education sector and by analyzing policy and legal documents, what inclusion means to these key agents which in turn effectsRead MoreAmerican With Disabilities Act Into Law1690 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"reshape the image that society† has on them and prove that people with disabilities are just as capable as everyone else. George H.W. Bush signed the American with Disabilities Act into law on July 26, 1990. (The Americans with Disabilities Act: A Brief overview). Bush knew that the act was â€Å"powerful in its simplicity† and that it would â€Å"ensure that people with disabilities [were] given the basic guarant ees for which they have worked so long and hard† (Americans with Disabilities Act, Medicine 3). TheRead MoreAffirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal Opportunity Legislation Of The 1960s958 Words   |  4 Pagesthesis will first consider the changing face of affirmative action from all perspectives: race and gender-based as it has been applied in private employment, public employment, and higher education. Following a glimpse into the definition of affirmative action, the analysis presents a history and general overview of affirmative action, including a discussion of the various f01111s of affirmative action (e.g., quotas, goals, and preferences); the comis interpretation of affirmative action; theRead MoreInclusion Practices in Education Essay example4520 Words   |  19 PagesSpecial Education Inclusion What is OnWEAC? Welcome to OnWEAC, the Web site of the Wisconsin Education Association Council. WEAC represents 98,000 K-12 public school teachers and education support professionals, faculty and support staff in the Wisconsin Technical College System, education and information professionals employed by the state, retired members, and university students studying to become educators. OnWEAC provides services to members and non-members, including a databaseRead MoreEssay on Assessing Learners Needs in Education1607 Words   |  7 Pagesage (and need for supervision), current understanding of the subject, and any appropriate experience or qualifications they may have. From here candidates are invited to an interview, where they are given a full tour of the facilities along with an overview of the structure of the course. The interview stage allows us to assess both their suitability for the course, both in terms of attitude and ability, and gives us an insight into their expectations and requirements, and their potential barriers toRead MoreFactors That Influence Learning Essays4853 Words   |  20 Pagesmoney or gifts for motivation then they will have difficulty learning in a non-reinforcing environment. Factors that may hinder learning for pupils with special educational needs may be attitudinal, organisational or practical. Natalie Levy Student no: SH34604/DLC Assignment no: 6 Page no: 2 Outline the principles of educational inclusion. Schools and teachers are now required to provide equality of opportunity for all children: * Boys and girls * Children with SEN * ChildrenRead MoreManaging Human Resource Management And Its Environment1654 Words   |  7 Pagesand careers of human resource management. Many may know what HRM stands for, human resource management, but do we really know the true meaning and what it really consists of? I have done research and in this research paper I will provide a brief overview of chapter one. The first topic will be on the understand of human resource management; second, the company’s performance; third, human resource management responsibilities; fourth, human resource management professional skills; fifth, humanRead MoreTransition of Latino Students with Learning Disabilities: Applications for Rehabilitation Counseling2613 Words   |  11 Pages(Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2003). Consequently, the rate of Latino students in special education has also increased. For example, the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs reported that 14.6% of Latino students aged 6 to 21 years of age received services under the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (U.S. Department of Education, 2005). Furthermore, 6% of the Latino students in special education with ages ranging between 6 to 21 haveRead MoreEssay on History o f Special Education in Public Schools2926 Words   |  12 PagesHistory of the Treatment of Special Education in Public Schools The Educate America Act was passed in 1994 and was a step toward equality of education between children with and without disabilities. According to Olson and Platt (2000), the Educate America Act â€Å"represents a national framework for education reform to improve our system, policies, standards, and most importantly, outcomes for all students.† This legislation outlined goals that were very broad and simplistic, but also inspiring toRead MoreStudent Engagement And Learning Environment3455 Words   |  14 PagesDigital Learning World (2011) reports the following: The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) has developed National Education Technology Standards (NETS) which are a set of benchmarks that help to measure competence for the integration of technology in education. Originally conceived in 1998, NETS have now become the internationally recognized standards for technology in education across all international curricula. NETS are not subject content specific but address the skills

The Type Of Parenting Associated With The Tiger Mother

The type of parenting associated with the tiger mother has been a subject of intense controversy for a very long time. Even though the term itself only became part of our understanding in 2011 thanks to the very controversial book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, by Amy Chua, there were always questions of how much discipline is healthy and necessary for a child. In Chua’s book, she contrasts the two sides of parenting styles: what she calls â€Å"Chinese† parenting and â€Å"Western† parenting. â€Å"Chinese† parenting refers to the strict and intense style of upbringing in which the parent has (or tries to exert) complete control over their child. The parent is wholeheartedly focused on honing their child’s skills in school, music, maybe a sport, or†¦show more content†¦Western parents argue that children should be allowed to make mistakes and become better people by learning from those errors. Thus, they say that the tiger mother doesn t love their child because it s much harder to watch your child make mistakes in the hopes that they will learn from them than it is to simply reprimand them (and correct and intervene, even before mistakes are made or it’s too late to be good at anything). When Chua s book came out, the media received it with horror. Chua was called a horrible monster, the worst mom in the world, and many other unflattering names.. Chua shocked much of America with her seemingly brutal parenting: many people were flabbergasted by the idea that a parent wouldn’t let their child attend a sleepover, or make them practice 4 hours of violin a day, or threaten to burn their dolls if they didn’t listen. The tiger mother had exploded onto the scene, and the onlookers were horrified by the carnage they saw behind her. How could a mother be so tyrannical and abusive? Some even called for Chua’s arrest for child abuse. In her book, she talks about how a survey showed that Chinese mothers thought that academic success reflected good parenting, whereas Western mothers thought that â€Å"stressing academic success is not good for children†. This shows that what seemed ordinary for Chua and â€Å"Chinese† mothers were strange and al ien to Western mothers. But does

James Mecer Langston Hughes Literary Genius - 1763 Words

Literary Genius James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Cleveland he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 2). Langston had many influential poets that he looked up too such as Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ par. 2). Langston Hughes, a gifted African-American poet, whose poetry was driven by blues, jazz, and other prominent ideas of the†¦show more content†¦4). In the â€Å"Chicago Defender† Hughes introduced a character named Jesse B. Semple, who Hughes called â€Å"Simple†. Hughes made a comic column talking about the real-life si tuations that â€Å"Simple† went through on a daily basis (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ par. 4). The comic columns became a successful idea and lead to Hughes using the ideas from the comics for his books and plays (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ par.4). Hughes had a controversy about his time in the Soviet Union and accused as a Communist. These accusations were brought by Senator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy forced Hughes to go to court and testify about his political views (Rampersad 1). â€Å"Hughes denied that he had ever been a party member but conceded that some of his radical verse had been ill-advised† (Rampersad 1). After this controversial incident Hughes’ career was not faulted. Soon after the incident Senator McCarthy was proven wrong and Hughes began to write about his time in the Soviet Union (Rampersad 1). Hughes wrote many books such as â€Å"Not Without Laughter†. â€Å"Not Without Laughter† received a gold medal for literature in 1930. â€Å"Not Without Laughter†, a book created by Hughes, talks about characters such as Sandy, Jim Boy, and Angee. â€Å"Not Without Laughter† is a fictional book that talks about the characteristics and descriptions of many different people. This book represented Hughes’ family in a metaphorical way. The

Fabulous Fibonacci Essay - 1234 Words

Fabulous Fibonacci One of the most common places to see Fibonacci numbers is in the growth patterns of plants. Growth spirals are characterized by both a circular motion, and elongation. As a branch grows, it produces leaves at regular intervals, but not after each complete circle of its spiral. The reason the leaves are not directly above each other is because all of the leaves would not be able to get the necessary elements. It appears that leaves are generated on the stem in phyllotactic ratios where the numerator and denominator are both Fibonacci numbers. The numerator is the number of turns, and the denominator is the number of leaves past until there is a leaf directly above the original. The number of leaves past, ad both†¦show more content†¦Other examples would be as follows 3 -- lilies, 5 --wild roses, 8- delphiniums, 13- ragworts and the list goes on forever. Please note though, that some flowers have an exact number of petals e.g. buttercups, others have an average that is a Fibo nacci numbers. Fibonacci numbers are also associated with animals as well as plants. The most fascinating example of the sequence in the animal kingdom is the remarkable spiral that characterizes some animal growth. If you draw a square 1 unit long, then continue to add squares around that one you will get this following diagram. Then quarter circle arcs can be drawn connecting opposite corners of the squares on such a way that the arcs connect sequentially. What develops is a close approximation of the spiral shell of here of the chambered nautilus. Spirals such as this also occur in the horns of wild sheep, parrot beaks, and elephant tusks. Fibonacci numbers in Art and Architecture: Fibonacci numbers and ratios have has a curios influence on art and architecture for many centuries. There seems to be a visually pleasing quality to these numbers and their relationship to each other that has appealed to humanitys sense of beauty since recorded history. Today 3x5 and 5x8 index cards and booklets are extremely popular. This obviously shows the appeal of Fibonacci numbers that characterize such things as playing cards, writing pads, windows, mirrors, calculators, and credit cards, toShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesbiomes, but based upon nature’s perfect spiral. The design concept for the new education centre had been inspired by plant architecture – a design that has a track record going back some 400 million years. The principal design themes follow the Fibonacci mathematical sequence discovered by Leonardo da Pisa in the thirteenth century and echo the spirals at the centre of a sunï ¬â€šower or pine c one. Estimated costs for Big Build 2 were forecast at around  £15m with funding procured from some of Eden’s established

The Objectives of the Italian States during the Social War free essay sample

A discussion of whether the Italian states sought independence from Rome rather than equality with her during the Social War in the year 90. This essay argues that at the beginning of the Social War, the Italian states only sought citizenship; it was Romes stubbornness to grant citizenship which encouraged the Italian states to increase their aims and seek complete independence. It explores the contrasting viewpoints of the two main sources of the time, Appian and Posidonius. The outbreak of war between Rome and her Italian allies was due to a build-up of tensions caused by Romes refusal to treat the Italian states as her equals. Willing allies at the end of the third century, a gradual cultural assimilation of the Roman and Italian peoples suggested that a social and political assimilation would follow. The building of roads, the creation of Roman colonies and joint military service had seen cultural distinctions between the Italians and Romans decrease. We will write a custom essay sample on The Objectives of the Italian States during the Social War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, Latin had become a universal language in Italy to such an extent that a large proportion of Latin poets were of Italian heritage. Eventually, this assimilation was recognized by Rome, to the extent that in the early second century Arpinum, Formiae, Fundi and other cities received promotion from the status of half-citizenship to full. However, this process was not continued, and many Italians began to resent the refusal of Rome to treat them as equal citizens. The list of grievances was long, and grew over time. Italians had to provide troops for the Roman army, yet received an unequal proportion of the war-booty, even though in the second century Romes allies would provide more than half of her troops. Italian armies were further restricted from plundering foreign lands themselves. Italians were part governed by a democratic state, yet could not partake in the democratic process, as suffrage was restricted to those with full-citizenship. Romans, unlike her allies, co uld appeal arbitrary justice. Italians who had settled in Rome and had acquired citizenship caused a major drop in population in many Latin cities, yet they still had to provide the same number of troops for the army. In 187 and 177 Rome enforced the repatriation of thousands of Italians to solve this problem; this served to antagonize many Italians further, as their rights as citizens were suddenly revoked. The Italian aristocracy were aggrieved as their powers over their own people were restricted, and subjugated to the rule of Rome. Over a period of time, these grievances would formulate into a general appeal for the granting of full-citizenship to Romes Italian allies.

Organisational Knowledge Creativity and Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Knowledge Creativity and Innovation. Answer: Introduction The report essentially focuses on evaluating potential problems faced by a technology company, Apple Inc. regarding development of its technology products. The report would initially focus on highlighting and discussing the academic concept regarding Innovation Life Cycle. It would then tend to analyse the different types of problems faced by Apple Inc. concerning the innovative landscape. Finally, the paper would focus on the different types of strategies that can be undertaken by Apple Inc.s management for addressing the problems faced by Apple in its innovation paradigm. Overview of Innovation Life Cycle The Innovation Life Cycle of business institutions is depicted as the S-Curve. The S-Curves are designed to reflect the fashion in which a product, service, business processes or the technology used by a business institution tends to evolve over a specific period. The S-Curves are also used to ideally map the evolutionary process of products in an institution. The S-Curves are increasingly linked to the market adoption curves of the product or service. The Innovation Life Cycle curve is effectively reflected in the following illustration. The Innovation Life Cycle curve essentially reflects four different stages like Early Market, Mass Market Adoption, Mature Market and finally the Late Adopters. It reflects the market and consumer adoption of new products, services or technological processes introduced in the market. The bell curve initially starts from the Early Market stage consisting of customers that focus on testing new products and services(Blank, 2010). The Mass Market Adoption stage essentially reflects on specific needs and demands generated by customers. The identification of consumer needs and wants by the manufacturers and marketers of products and services contribute in generating tailor made product and service offerings. The same contributes in generating customised and standardised product and service solutions for the greater market. The above features contribute in generating needed maturity to the product or service market. Finally, the late adopters come into scene that essentially focuses on usin g the tested products and services. These late adopters are identified to be risk adverse customers that procure tested products and services on account of reduced risk(Kaplan, n.d.). Overview of Apple Inc Apple Inc. based in United States focuses on the designing, manufacturing and also the marketing of different types of gadgets serving mobile communication and also the development of personal computers and laptops. It also contributes in the development of other types of sophisticated media players along with the development of digital solutions for music lovers. The development of iPhones, iTabs and iPods by Apple Inc. has contributed in considerably revolutionising the digital industry. iPods contributes in helping the consumers store large number of songs and thereby play them based on their needs. Apple Inc. has expanded its base to different geographical markets like Europe and other Asian countries like China and Japan. Apple Inc. also has its markets in other emerging countries like India, Middle East countries and also Africa. Apple Inc. was founded by three entrepreneurs Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and also Stephen Wozniak during 1976. It has its headquarters based in Cupertin o in California(CNN Money , 2016). Problems Faced by Innovation Projects in Apple Inc The first greater challenge that Apple faces relating to its innovation activities is associated with the lack of security pertaining to the different types of digital gadgets and systems generated by it. The lack of security relating to the innovations rendered by Apple Inc. makes it amenable to be copied by other companies in the market. The copying of designs and technological solutions from Apple by other companies makes the former suffer from increased threat relating to brand liquidation. The second essential challenge faced by Apple relates to the growing expectations of the consumers regarding the degree of innovation and novelty regarding the digital products generated by Apple. People are always interested in earning new products and devices from Apple. Thus, the amount of delay reflected nowadays regarding the generation of new and innovative products from the previous periods amounts to affect and offset the interest of the customers(Lundy, 2013). The consumers are observ ed to regard the iPhone 5 generated by Apple as having lost its novelty and thus are in search for newer products. This, challenge requires Apple Inc. to continually focus on innovating newer technological products and solutions to entice their customers in a sustained fashion. Any shortfall in the above respect tends to affect the expectation levels of customers regarding Apples product and services(Lundy, 2013). Apple Inc. in the current period or after the era of Steve Jobs is also observed to suffer from the problem concerning its narrowed focus concerning the development of product ranges and also a reduced brand focus(Shaughnessy, 2013). The problems concerning Apples innovation aspects can be effectively dealt with regarding the generation of Apple Watch. The battery life of Apple Watch is observed to be quite limited owing to the existence of a colour screen with an effective processor and also the need of the Apple Watch to both transmit and gain data from the Apple iPhone. The above features thereby require the Apple Watch to be charged quite frequently and also happen to reduce the longevity of the battery life in the long run. Further, the requirement of Apple Watch to be frequently plugged in to a charger happens to reduce and affect the interest of the consumers for procuring the same. The Smartwatch developed by Apple is also observed to have gained larger number of competitors on a global scale like Samsung, Motorola, LG and Google. The companies are observed to copy the designs and technology used by Apple Watch in marketing their products and thereby tends to enhance the level of competition for Apple in the Smartwatch market(Safford, 2014). Apple Watch is also observed to suffer from problems concerning the design of the products. The Apple Watches introduced into three styles is taken to face increasing competition from the other Smartwatch products generated by its competitors. Thus, design wise also Apple Smartwatch tends to suffer from increased threat from its global competitors. Apples Smartwatches are also observed to be highly priced at $349. Though, the Smartwatches generated by Samsung tend to command a higher price yet the higher price is debated by the company based on the existence of an effective Smartphone inbuilt within the Smartwatch. Apples Smartwatches however require the users to carry a Smartphone separately with them such that the same can be effectively integrated with the Smartwatch device for making them operational. The above factors thus tend to reduce the requirements for Apples Smartwatches to be priced in a higher fashion(Safford, 2014). The decision undertaken by the current CEO of Apple Inc. Tim Cook regarding dismissing the innovation wing of the company and in requiring the internal staffs pertaining to various departments to undertake innovative processes and work designs happens to reduce the level of competitiveness of Apple. Different companies like Google and Microsoft are observed to have an effective wing that contributes in generation of innovative products and thereby in enhancing the level of competitive advantage of the technology firms. Strategies undertaken by Apple Inc. for Overcoming Problems Apple Inc. is required to change its innovation outlook and essentially focus on three essential standpoints. In the first case, Apple Inc. is required to focus on enhancing its platform for generating innovation in a sustained fashion for a longer period. Development of a sustained climate for innovation is made possible by the institution through the readying of cash and investment flow and also must develop needed hedging capacity for a longer time scale. Apple Inc. is also required to focus on incorporating changes in the organisational structure and process such that the same contributes in fostering a greater degree of innovation. The transformational process is required to be developed for the technology institution through the identification of change leadership models. Generation of needed changes in the organisational landscape would contribute in making the organisation receptive to changes in consumer demand and thereby can react accordingly to generate the right kind of product and service solutions. The study of the lifestyles of the growing urban middle class consumers would a lso help Apple understand the current needs regarding technological and digitalised products. It would thus help in designing and manufacturing products accordingly to meet the emerging needs of the customers(Satell, 2013). Secondly, Apple is required to incorporate effective software like SaaS that would help in analysing the changing needs of the customers and thereby in guiding the manufacturing activities of the company in effectively addressing the consumer aspirations and needs. The incorporation of Just-in-Time and Lean Manufacturing concepts together with the study of consumer viewpoints along the social media platforms like Facebook would contribute in meeting such ends. Finally, Apple Inc. is required to essentially focus on innovating the existing processes through development of a service oriented enterprise structure. The development of a service oriented organisational structure coupled with existing technological components and resources would help Apple in addressing the consumer expectations and needs in an effective fashion(Shaughnessy, 2013). Apple Inc. is required to generate a long term vision that would effectively trigger the company in generating effective product and service solutions for the problems and technology gaps observed by the customers(Shaughnessy, 2013). Apples management apart from generating an effective strategic vision is also required to focus on developing an effective collaborative relationship with other companies and technology experts. Collaboration on the technological platform would tend to be increasingly effective through the creation of an open and cooperative internal culture within the technology firm(Satell, 2013). Conclusions The analysis carried out in the report effectively reflects the potential problems faced by Apple Inc. relating to innovation projects carried out by it. It firstly reflects the concept of innovation life cycle and subsequently analyses the different types of problems concerning the generation of innovative products by Apple Inc. The analysis reflects that Apple Inc. faces potential problems associated with the development of Apple Watch. Apple Inc. not only gains potential competition from other competitors that have generated similar products like it but also other types of technical problems concerning the reduced battery life and also the use of high price points. Apple Watches are also observed to counter from potential problems for its increased dependency on the existence of Smartphones at the hands of users in contrast to Smartwatches developed by Samsung that does not require the existence of Smartphones for its operation. Further, the different types of strategies required to be undertaken by Apples management are observed like redesigning the strategic mission and vision objectives with also development of a collaborative and open culture within the firm. The development of an open culture within the firm would help Apples staffs to effectively collaborate with external partners like technical and design experts for the generation of effective devices and gadgets. The same would enhance the level of competitive advantage for the company in long run. Further, the CEO of Apple Inc, Tim Cook is also required to design an effective innovation wing or team within the firm such that the same would help in designing innovative products with needed designs and potentials. Apple is also required to incorporate effective software like SaaS and study customers reviews and interests generated along the different social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter. The same would help Apple in understanding and anticipating consumer needs and interests and thereby design products for addressing such in an effective fashion. References Blank, S., 2010. Does your company suck at. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/the-life-cycle-of-innovation-in-business-2010-6?IR=T [Accessed 4 December 2016]. CNN Money , 2016. Apple Inc. [Online] Available at: https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=AAPL [Accessed 4 December 2016]. Kaplan, S., n.d. Innovation Lifecycles. [Online] Available at: https://www.innovation-point.com/Innovation_Lifecycles.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2016]. Lundy, J., 2013. Founder Departures: Apple and Microsoft face similar Innovation Challenges. [Online] Available at: https://aragonresearch.com/founder-departures-apple-and-microsoft-face-similar-innovation-challenges/ [Accessed 4 December 2016]. Safford, M., 2014. The 5 Biggest Challenges to the Success of the Apple Watch. [Online] Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/5-biggest-challenges-success-apple-watch-180952672/ [Accessed 4 December 2016]. Satell, G., 2013. Apples Innovation Problem. [Online] Available at: https://www.digitaltonto.com/2013/apples-innovation-problem/ [Accessed 4 December 2016]. Shaughnessy, H., 2013. Solving Apple's Innovation Problem. [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/02/08/solving-apples-innovation-problem/#9b8b6f330b94 [Accessed 12 December 2016]. Shaughnessy, H., 2013. The 3 Ways Innovation Is Changing (And How To Adapt Fast). [Online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/haydnshaughnessy/2013/02/07/the-3-ways-innovation-is-changing-and-how-to-adapt-fast/#60df3156223b [Accessed 4 December 2016].